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A-LevelPhysicsGravitational fields9702/41 · May/June 2021 · Q110 Marks

The Earth may be assumed to be an isolated uniform sphere with its mass of 6.0 × 10^24 kg concentrated at its centre. A satellite of mass 1200 kg is in a circular orbit about the Earth in the Earth's gravitational field. The period of the orbit is 94 minutes.

  1. (a)Define gravitational field strength.[1]
  2. (b)Calculate the radius of the orbit of the satellite. radius = ........................................................... m [3][3]
  3. (c)Rockets on the satellite are fired so that the satellite enters a different circular orbit that has a period of 150 minutes. The change in the mass of the satellite may be assumed to be negligible.
  4. (c)(i)Show that the radius of the new orbit is 9.4 × 10^6 m.[2]
  5. (c)(ii)State, with a reason, whether the gravitational potential energy of the satellite increases or decreases.[1]
  6. (c)(iii)Determine the magnitude of the change in the gravitational potential energy of the satellite. change in potential energy = .............................................................. J [3][3]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

  1. [1] (a) force per unit mass
  2. [1] (b) GMm/r² = mrω² and ω = 2π/Τ
  3. [1] GMm/r² = mv²/r and v = 2πr/T
  4. [1] 6.67 x 10^-11 × 6.0 × 10^24 = r³ × [2π / (94 × 60)]²
  5. [1] r = 6.9 × 10^6 m
  6. [1] (c)(i) r³ / T² = constant
  7. [1] r³ / (6.9 × 10^6)³ = (150 /94)² so r = 9.4 × 10^6 m
  8. [1] GMT²/4π² = r³ and clear that M is 6.0 × 10^24
  9. [1] 6.67 × 10^-11 × 6.0 × 10^24 = r³ × [2π / (150 × 60)]² so r = 9.4 x 10^6 m
  10. [1] (c)(ii) separation increases so (potential energy) increases
  11. [1] movement is against gravitational force so (potential energy) increases
  12. [1] (c)(iii) potential energy = (−)GMm / r
  13. [1] ΔΕΡ = 6.67 × 10–11 × 6.0 × 10^24 × 1200 × [(6.9 × 10^6)–1 – (9.4 × 10^6)–1]
  14. [1] = 1.9 × 10^10 J

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About this question

Topic
Gravitational fields, A-Level Physics (syllabus 9702). Structured question, 10 marks.
Source
A-Level Physics, May/June 2021 Paper 4 Variant 1, question 1.

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