Two horizontal metal plates are separated by a distance of 2.0 cm in a vacuum, as shown in Fig. 6.1. [Figure 6.1] The top plate has an electric potential of +180 V and the bottom plate has an electric potential of –120 V. Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength between the plates. electric field strength = ..................................................... N C⁻¹

1. (a)(i)Two horizontal metal plates are separated by a distance of 2.0 cm in a vacuum, as shown in Fig. 6.1. [Figure 6.1] The top plate has an electric potential of +180 V and the bottom plate has an electric potential of –120 V. Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength between the plates. electric field strength = ..................................................... N C⁻¹[2]
2. (a)(ii)State the direction of the electric field.[1]
3. (b)(i)An uncharged atom of uranium-238 (²³⁸₉₂U) has a change made to its number of orbital electrons. This causes the atom to change into a new particle (ion) X that has an overall charge of +2e, where e is the elementary charge. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the particle (ion) X. number of protons = ................................................................................ number of neutrons = ................................................................................ number of electrons = ................................................................................[3]
4. (b)(ii)The particle (ion) X is in the electric field in (a) at a point midway between the plates. Determine the magnitude of the electric force acting on X. force = ..................................................... N[2]
5. (b)(iii)The nucleus of uranium-238 (²³⁸₉₂U) decays in stages, by emitting α-particles and β⁻-particles, to form a nucleus of thorium-230 (²³⁰₉₀Th). Calculate the total number of α-particles and the total number of β⁻-particles that are emitted during the decay of uranium-238 to thorium-230. number of α-particles = ................................................................................ number of β⁻-particles = ................................................................................[2]

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