Who was Ahmad Shah Durrani?

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] (a) Level 1: One mark for each relevant point, two marks for a developed statement
2. [1] (a) Known also as Ahmad Shah Abdali, an Afghan leader, a military genius who had excellent tactical skills.
3. [1] (a) He beat the Marathas at the battle of Panipat in 1761, which ended the ambitions of the Marathas.
4. [1] (a) Durrani was unable to make the most of his victory; as his followers mutinied he gave up his idea of an Indian empire and returned to Kabul.
5. [0] (a) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question
6. [5-7] (b) Level 3: Explains reasons (Five marks for one explanation, six marks for two explanations, seven marks for three explanations)
7. [1] (b) Reports of immense wealth in the subcontinent led to the British establishing a trading base there as they saw a profitable future.
8. [1] (b) The British wanted to establish their influence in the subcontinent and to oust the Dutch and Portuguese.
9. [1] (b) The British also wanted to establish a strategic port in the subcontinent that would protect its trading interests there and in the Far East.
10. [2-4] (b) Level 2: Identifies reasons (One mark for each identification)
11. [1] (b) Because of the wealth in the subcontinent
12. [1] (b) Because other European countries were there
13. [1] (b) The British wanted a strategic port / base there
14. [1] (b) Level 1: Simple statement (One mark for any simple statement)
15. [1] (b) The British wanted to trade there
16. [0] (b) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question
17. [14] (c) Level 5: Explains with evaluation (As top of Level 4 plus judgement or evaluation)
18. [9-13] (c) Level 4: Explains the contribution of Syed Ahmad Barelvi AND others (Two explanations, one on success and one on less success, are worth nine marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 13 marks)
19. [1] (c) Syed Ahmad Barelvi: Spread Islam through the Jihad Movement, which became an armed struggle to liberate the Punjab and the NWF from non-Muslim oppression and was the first example of a movement to restore Muslim power.
20. [1] (c) Syed Ahmad Barelvi: As at this time the Muslim community were not allowed freedom of worship, the mujahideen fought campaigns to achieve religious and spiritual freedoms.
21. [1] (c) Syed Ahmad Barelvi: His work was a uniting force for Muslim groups and an inspiration.
22. [1] (c) Haji Shariatullah: Spread Islam through the Faraizi Movement, which removed Hindu practices in worship and called on Muslim groups to perform their proper observation of Islamic duties (faraiz).
23. [1] (c) Haji Shariatullah: Aimed to restore the pride of the Muslim community. A huge group of followers grew called 'Faraizis'.
24. [1] (c) Haji Shariatullah: The movement alarmed the Hindu landlords of East Bengal, as the Faraizis in Bengal united against the treatment they had received.
25. [1] (c) Shah Waliullah: Believed the Muslims faced problems because of their incomplete knowledge of Islam and the Holy Quran. To reverse the decline in Muslim power he taught that there needed to be spiritual and moral regeneration based upon the principles of Islam.
26. [1] (c) Shah Waliullah: He encouraged the Muslim community to concentrate on Quranic teachings and translated the Holy Quran into Persian, which was the main language of Muslim groups at that time.
27. [1] (c) Shah Waliullah: He wrote many books, which were designed to spread the principles of Islam amongst the Muslim community in order to unite them. He aimed to provide the inspiration for Muslims to lead a pure life.
28. [7-10] (c) Level 3: Explains the contribution of Syed Ahmad Barelvi OR others (One explanation is worth seven marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 10 marks)
29. [3-6] (c) Level 2: Identifies / describes the contribution of Syed Ahmad Barelvi AND/OR others (One identification / description is worth three marks. Extra marks are awarded for additional identification / descriptions up to six marks)
30. [1] (c) Syed Ahmad Barelvi founded the Jihad Movement
31. [1] (c) Haji Shariatullah established the Faraizi Movement
32. [1] (c) Shah Waliullah's writings in Persian made Islamic teaching available to non-Arabic speakers
33. [1-2] (c) Level 1: Simple statement(s) (One simple statement is worth one mark. An answer with additional simple statements is worth two marks)
34. [1] (c) Syed Ahmad Barelvi had soldiers
35. [1] (c) Shah Waliullah wrote books
36. [0] (c) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question