What was CENTO?

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [9] Well educated muhajirs opposed the special rights for Sindhis introduced by Benazir Bhutto and increasingly supported the Muhajir Quami Movement (MQM).
2. [9] Sindh was an area of growing opposition to the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and growing support for the MQM.
3. [9] Benazir Bhutto tried in vain to gain the support of the MQM to form a coalition government by promising to protect the interests of all the people of Sindh.
4. [9] Her government was damaged by an unsuccessful no-confidence motion tabled by opposition parties including Islami Jamhuri Ittehad (IJI) led by Nawaz Sharif.
5. [9] President Ghulam Ishaq Khan refused to appoint the judges and military personnel she wished, making it difficult for her to govern Pakistan effectively.
6. [9] Promised economic development programmes and social and health reforms did not produce the effects hoped for. The government lost support as unemployment, inflation and population grew rapidly making progress difficult.
7. [9] Accusations from political opponents regarding mismanagement leading to the arrest and jailing of her husband Asif Ali Zardari. Further rumours weakened the government enabling President Ghulam Ishaq Khan to use the Eighth Amendment to dismiss the government in 1990.
8. [3] Support for the MQM was growing in Sindh
9. [3] growing opposition to the PPP in Sindh
10. [3] Benazir Bhutto did not win MQM support for a coalition government
11. [3] It was difficult for Benazir Bhutto to deliver economic reforms
12. [1] There were many difficult challenges for Benazir Bhutto
13. [0] No evidence submitted or response does not address the question