O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe history and culture of PakistanOct/Nov 2023 · Q325 Marks

Describe the terms of the Lucknow Pact of 1916.

(a)Describe the terms of the Lucknow Pact of 1916.[4]
(b)Explain how the Hindu community opposed the partition of Bengal between 1905 and 1911.[7]
(c)'The Second World War and its aftermath meant the British had little interest in agreeing the future of the subcontinent before 1947.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.[14]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

(a) Congress agreed to concessions with the Muslim League
(a) Muslims had the right to separate electorates
(a) Muslims should be given one third of seats in Councils
(a) both parties wanted more seats in Councils
(a) the protection of minorities
(a) the provinces to have autonomy
(a) the proposals to be binding on the British
(a) the executive should be separated from the judiciary
(a) no Act affecting a community could be agreed if ¼ of the representatives of that community opposed it
(a) motions passed by large majorities in the Councils should be accepted as binding by the British government
(b) an assassination attempt upon the Viceroy, Lord Minto
(b) the Hindu community boycotted British goods
(b) the Hindu community started the Swadeshi Movement
(b) Indian workers, especially in Calcutta, began a series of strikes
(c) Britain focused more on Germany and was less concerned with the subcontinent
(c) post-war recovery and the internal stability of Britain became the priority after 1945
(c) Indian independence was put off until after 1945
(c) the Muslim League gave limited cooperation to the British Government in the war effort
(c) Congress boycotted the war effort
(c) The Cripps Mission of 1942 offered independence although after the War
(c) Britain encouraged the discussion of partition (e.g. Gandhi-Jinnah talks)
(c) the Simla Conference was held in 1945 to discuss the future of the subcontinent
(c) British Prime Minister Clement Attlee ordered elections in 1946, the results of which showed the Muslim League could no longer be ignored
(c) in 1946 the British Cabinet Mission Plan founded an interim government in India
(c) Direct Action Day in 1946 led to a British change of mind over partition
(c) the June 3 Plan 1947 stated that Britain would leave the subcontinent no later than 1948
(c) the day after the June 3 Plan 1947 was published, Lord Mountbatten announced that Britain would leave in 1947