Fig. 2.1 shows a long cardboard tube, sealed at both ends, which contains many small pieces of metal. [Figure 2.1] The tube is turned vertically so that the pieces of metal fall from one end to the other. The temperature of the pieces increases as a result of the fall. During the fall, the gravitational potential energy of the metal pieces is transferred to other forms of energy.

1. (a)State two forms of energy to which the gravitational potential energy is transferred.[2]
2. (b)(i)The pieces fall an average distance of 1.2 m during one turn. The total mass of the metal pieces is 150 g. Calculate the loss in the gravitational potential energy of the pieces as they fall once. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N/kg.[2]
3. (b)(ii)A student turns the tube quickly. After the small metal pieces have fallen from one end to the other 80 times, their temperature has increased by 7.0 °C. Determine the specific heat capacity of the metal.[3]
4. (b)(iii)The student repeats the experiment, turning the tube more slowly. Suggest why a different temperature increase is obtained.[1]

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