Fig. 8.1 shows a stationary horse and its rider, about to jump over two fences. [Figure 8.1]

1. (a)(i)Fig. 8.2 shows a side view of the horse. On Fig. 8.2, draw and label the forces acting on the horse. Include the force that the rider exerts on the horse. Label this force F. [Figure 8.2][3]
2. (a)(ii)Explain how Newton's third law applies to force F.[2]
3. (b)(i)Fig. 8.3 shows a side view of the two fences. They both have the same height and a uniform density. On each fence in Fig. 8.3, mark with a cross the centre of mass. [Figure 8.3][2]
4. (b)(ii)Explain why a wider base makes the fence more stable.[2]
5. (c)(i)The total mass of the horse and rider is 520 kg. As they approach a fence, the horse and rider have a total kinetic energy of 4000 J. Calculate their speed. speed =[3]
6. (c)(ii)The centre of mass of the horse and rider is 1.4m above the ground. The maximum potential energy gained by the horse and rider as they jump over the fence is 3000 J. Calculate the maximum height above the ground of the centre of mass during the jump. The gravitational field strength g = 10N/kg. height =[3]

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