Use the relationship between pressure, force and area to explain why it is harder to cut something with a blunt knife than with a sharp knife. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

1. (a)Use the relationship between pressure, force and area to explain why it is harder to cut something with a blunt knife than with a sharp knife. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. [2][2]
2. (b)(i)Experimental measurements on gas pressures were made by Robert Boyle. He showed that p₁ V₁ = p₂V₂ where p₁ and p₂ are the initial and final pressures of a gas, and V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes of the gas. State two quantities that must remain constant when this equation is used. 1. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2. ............................................................................................................................................................................ [2][2]
3. (b)(ii)Fig. 5.1 shows the molecules of a gas as the volume of the gas is halved. [Figure 5.1 (molecules in containers, before and after volume halved, not to scale)] The equation suggests that when the volume of a gas halves the pressure doubles. Using ideas about molecules, explain why this happens. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. [2][2]

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