In an experiment, a student takes measurements and determines the extension of a spring for different loads. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 2.1. [Figure 2.1 shows a spring suspended vertically, with a scale alongside and a load hanging from the spring.] The table in Fig. 2.2 shows the results. [Figure 2.2 - Table data: load/N: 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 length of spring/mm: 200, 235, 270, 305, 350, 420 extension/mm: 0, 35, 70, 105, , ]
- (a)Only some of the extensions are shown in the table. Complete the table to show all of the extensions.[1]
- (b)Calculate the load that produces an extension of 49 mm. load = .....................................................[2][2]
- (c)(i)The student pulls a load downwards from position A to position B and holds it fixed at position B, as shown in Fig. 2.3. [Figure 2.3 shows a spring with a load at two positions: A (higher position, less extended spring) and B (lower position, more extended spring).] The load is stationary at A and at B. The load has no kinetic energy at either point. Place ticks (✔) in the boxes to show how the value of each of the forms of energy compares at A and B. equal at A and B larger at A larger at B energy stored in spring [ ] [ ] [ ] gravitational potential energy of load [ ] [ ] [ ] [1][1]
- (c)(ii)Work is done by the student to pull the load down. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created and cannot be destroyed. Explain how this principle applies in this case.[2]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] (a) 150 and 220 in table
- [1] (b) any use of proportionality
- [1] (b) 1.4 N
- [1] (c)(i) 1st line larger at B and 2nd line larger at A
- [1] (c)(ii) student loses energy / chemical energy decreases or (gravitational) potential energy decreases and spring energy increases
- [1] (c)(ii) idea that increase in spring energy > change / decrease in (grav) PE (so student provides work needed)
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