O-LevelPhysicsLight5054/21 · Oct/Nov 2022 · Q48 Marks

X-rays are transverse waves that are part of a spectrum of waves.

(a)State the name of the spectrum of waves that includes X-rays.[1]
(b)(i)Explain what is meant by 'frequency'.[2]
(b)(ii)State the name of the waves in this spectrum that have the greatest frequency.[1]
(c)(i)Explain how this is done. You may draw a diagram if you wish.[3]
(c)(ii)Explain why X-rays are not used for pre-natal scanning.[1]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] electromagnetic (waves) or components of electromagnetic spectrum
[1] number of oscillations / cycles / wavelengths
[1] per unit time
[1] gamma rays
[1] X-rays directed towards body part with (suspected) broken bone
[1] X-rays pass through flesh but not (to same extent) through bones
[1] image produced by digital / electronic / CCD / CMOS detector
[1] X-rays (may) cause cancer / cell mutation / birth defect / miscarriage or X-rays show the bone structure rather than foetal development or image would not be clear

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