A student sets up the circuit shown in Fig. 10.1 in a laboratory at room temperature. The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 12V. The switch is closed. [Figure 10.1]

1. (a)The connecting wires in the circuit are made from copper covered by insulating plastic. State the name of the particles that flow in the copper and state the direction in which they are flowing at point Y in the circuit.[2]
2. (b)(i)At room temperature, the resistance of component Z is 6.0Ω. State the name of component Z.[1]
3. (b)(ii)Calculate the resistance of the whole circuit.[3]
4. (b)(iii)Calculate the current measured by the ammeter.[2]
5. (b)(iv)The current in the ammeter is Iᴀ, the current in the 1.5Ω resistor is Iʀ and the current in component Z is Iᴢ. Write down an equation that relates Iᴀ, Iʀ and Iᴢ.[1]
6. (c)Fig. 10.2 shows the screen of the oscilloscope. Before the switch is closed, the trace is a horizontal line across the middle of the screen, as shown in Fig. 10.2. When the switch is closed, the trace remains horizontal and moves up the screen. Component Z is heated. State and explain what is observed on the oscilloscope screen as the temperature of Z increases. [Figure 10.2][4]
7. (d)(i)The 12V battery is made from cells of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V which are all in series. Calculate the number of 1.5 V cells that make up the battery.[1]
8. (d)(ii)State the e.m.f. of a battery made by connecting all of these cells in parallel.[1]

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