O-LevelPhysicsThermal Physics5054/22 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q35 Marks
Fig. 3.1 shows a cylindrical copper kettle that contains cold water. [Figure 3.1]
- (a)The kettle is used to heat water and there is an electric heater at the base. State and explain the advantage of heating the water from below.[2]
- (b)(i)As the water is heated, it expands. Explain, in terms of molecules, why water expands when it is heated.[2]
- (b)(ii)Copper also expands when heated. State what happens to level X of the water in the kettle. Explain your answer in terms of the expansion of the copper and the water.[1]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] all the water is heated or the water is mixed up or water heated uniformly or distributes heat (better)
- [1] heated water rises or cold water sinks or convection transfers thermal energy (upwards)
- [1] molecules move / vibrate faster / more kinetic energy
- [1] molecules push each other apart or molecules move apart or space between molecules increases or vibrate with greater amplitude
- [1] rises and liquids expand more (than solids)
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