A bucket of water is pulled up out of a well using a rope. Fig. 8.1 shows the rope winding on to a cylinder as the handle is turned. The empty bucket has a mass of 1.0 kg. [Figure 8.1]

1. (a)Complete the sentences that describe mass by filling in the gaps. The mass of a body is a measure of the amount of ............................................................................ of in the body. It resists a change in the state of ............................................................................ of the body.[2]
2. (b)(i)When the bucket is full, it contains 2.4 × 10–2 m³ of water. The gravitational field strength g is equal to 10N/kg. Explain what is meant by a gravitational field.[1]
3. (b)(ii)The density of water is 1000kg/m³. Determine the total weight of the bucket and the water. weight = [3]
4. (c)(i)The radius of the cylinder is 0.12m and the handle is 0.40 m from the axle of the cylinder. The weight of the bucket and the water produce a moment that acts on the cylinder. Calculate this moment. moment = [2]
5. (c)(ii)Calculate the minimum force on the handle that balances this moment. force = [1]
6. (d)(i)A farmer pulls the bucket of water up at a constant speed. He needs to exert a force on the handle that is greater than that calculated in (c)(ii). He notices that there is a slight increase in temperature where the axle is in contact with the frame holding it. Suggest two reasons why the force exerted is greater than the value calculated. 1. 2.[2]
7. (d)(ii)State the energy changes that are taking place as the bucket is being lifted at a constant speed.[3]
8. (e)State what can be deduced about the forces acting on the bucket when it is travelling upwards at a constant speed.[1]

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