Aeroplanes fly at high altitudes where the temperature is well below 0°C. Ice that forms on an aeroplane can fall to earth and strike the ground. Fig. 9.1 shows a block of ice falling from an aeroplane as it approaches an airport. [Figure 9.1] (not to scale) The mass of the falling block of ice is 1.2kg and the gravitational field strength g is 10N/kg.

1. (a)Calculate the weight of the block of ice. weight =[1]
2. (b)(i)1.Fig. 9.2 is the speed-time graph for the block of ice as it falls to the ground. [Figure 9.2] At first, the acceleration of the block of ice is equal to the acceleration of free-fall. The acceleration of the block then decreases to zero as the block reaches terminal velocity. As the block of ice falls, the force F of air resistance acting on the block changes. State the value of F at time = 0. F=[1]
3. (b)(i)2.State the value of F at time = 10.0s. F=[1]
4. (b)(i)3.Explain why F changes.[1]
5. (b)(ii)State the energy change that takes place when the block is falling at terminal velocity.[1]
6. (b)(iii)Using information from Fig. 9.2, determine the maximum kinetic energy of the block when it is falling to the ground with terminal velocity. maximum kinetic energy =[3]
7. (c)(i)The block strikes the ground and it stops moving. This impact causes some of the ice to melt. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 330J/g. Calculate the maximum possible mass of ice that melts as a result of the impact. mass =[2]
8. (c)(ii)In practice, the mass of ice that melts on impact is less than the value calculated in (c)(i). Suggest two reasons for this. 1. 2.[2]
9. (d)As the solid ice melts, it changes into liquid water. Describe, in terms of molecules, how ice differs from liquid water.[3]

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