O-LevelPhysicsForces5054/21 · May/June 2023 · Q27 Marks

In a safety test, a car of mass 1100kg travels at a speed of 10m/s and collides with a stationary van of mass 3000kg. After the collision the car and the van move together with a velocity v. Fig. 2.1 shows the car and van before and after the collision. [Figure 2.1] The total momentum of the car and van is conserved during the collision.

(a)(i)Define 'momentum'.[1]
(a)(ii)State the unit of momentum.[1]
(b)Calculate the velocity v of the car and van after the collision.[2]
(c)(i)Calculate the total kinetic energy of the car and van after the collision.[2]
(c)(ii)State the transfer of energy that occurs in the collision.[1]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[B1] the product of mass and velocity
[B1] kg m / s or Ns
[C1] 1100 x 10 = 4100 × v
[A1] 2.7 (m/s)
[C1] (KE =) ½ mv² algebraic or numerical for the car
[A1] 15 000 (J)
[B1] (kinetic energy) becomes heat / thermal energy / internal energy (of vehicles / air) or kinetic energy (of car) goes to kinetic energy of van

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