This question is about polymers.

1. (a)Polyesters and polyamides are both polymers formed by condensation reactions. What is meant by the term condensation reaction?[1]
2. (b)The partial structure of a polyester is shown. [Figure: Partial structure of a polyester: -[O-C(=O)-CH₂-CH₂-C(=O)-O-CH₂-CH₂]-]
3. (b)(i)On the diagram, draw a circle around an ester linkage.[1]
4. (b)(ii)Draw the structures of the two monomers used to produce this polymer.[2]
5. (b)(iii)Terylene is a polyester. State one common use of Terylene.[1]
6. (c)The structure of the amino acid threonine is shown. H H2N–C–COOH H–C–OH CH3 Threonine can be polymerised. Explain, by referring to the groups present, why polymers with different linkages can be formed from threonine.[2]
7. (d)Poly(ethene) is made from ethene monomers.
8. (d)(i)Draw the structure of ethene, showing all of the atoms and all of the bonds.[1]
9. (d)(ii)Poly(ethene) is a non-biodegradable plastic. What is meant by the term non-biodegradable?[1]
10. (d)(iii)Describe one pollution problem caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable plastics.[1]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.