Bismuth is a metallic element in Group V of the Periodic Table.

1. (a)Complete the diagram to show the structure and bonding in a typical metal. Label your diagram. [Figure 8.1: A diagram with several empty circles arranged in a lattice, representing positions for metal ions, and empty space between them for electrons.][2]
2. (b)Describe three physical properties which are typical of most metals. 1. .......... 2. .......... 3. ..........[2]
3. (c)Bismuth reacts with chlorine to form bismuth(III) chloride, BiCl₃. Construct the equation for this reaction.[1]
4. (d)When bismuth reacts with molten bismuth(III) chloride, an ion is formed. The structure of this ion is shown. [Figure 8.2: A diagram showing two bismuth atoms bonded together, each bonded to four chlorine atoms, with an overall charge of 2-. Specifically, it shows Cl₂Bi-BiCl₂, with two more Cl atoms attached to each Bi, and overall 2- charge.] Write the formula of this ion.[1]
5. (e)A white precipitate of BiOCl is formed when colourless BiCl₃ is added to water. BiCl₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ BiOCl(s) + 2HCl(aq)
6. (e)(i)Describe and explain what you would observe when a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid are added to this mixture.[2]
7. (e)(ii)Suggest why a change in pressure has no effect on the reaction shown.[1]
8. (f)Bismuth is used in alloys. What is the meaning of the term alloy?[1]

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