Methanol, propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol are alcohols. The displayed formulae of methanol and propan-1-ol are shown in Fig. 7.1. [Figure 7.1 showing methanol and propan-1-ol displayed formulae]
- (a)State the general formula of the homologous series of alcohols.[1]
- (b)(i)Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. State the name given to compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.[1]
- (b)(ii)Draw the structural formula for propan-2-ol.[1]
- (c)State why propan-1-ol is a saturated compound.[1]
- (d)State why propan-1-ol is not a hydrocarbon.[1]
- (e)(i)Propan-1-ol reacts in the same way as ethanol. Draw the displayed formula of the product of the reaction of propan-1-ol with acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII).[1]
- (e)(ii)Draw the displayed formula of the product of the reaction of propan-1-ol with ethanoic acid in the presence of a catalyst.[1]
- (f)(i)Methanol is a covalent substance. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of methanol. Include only the outer shell electrons of each atom.[2]
- (f)(ii)State why methanol does not conduct electricity.[1]
- (g)Methanol is used as a solvent. State the meaning of the term solvent.[1]
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Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- 7(a) CnH2n+1OH (1)
- 7(b)(i) (structural) isomers (1)
- 7(b)(ii) H3C-C(OH)-CH3 (1)
- 7(c) contains only single bonds between carbon atoms (1)
- 7(d) contains oxygen (as well as carbon and hydrogen) (1)
- 7(e)(i) H—C—C—C—О-Н (displayed formula of propanoic acid) (1)
- 7(e)(ii) H—C—C—O—C—C—C—H (displayed formula of propyl ethanoate) (1)
- 7(f)(i) 3 C-H bonds and one C–O bond around carbon (1) rest of structure correct (1)
- 7(f)(ii) electrons cannot move / all electrons are in bonds
- 7(g) (liquid that) dissolves a solute (1)
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