The functions of the body are coordinated by nerve impulses and hormones.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] any four from: 1 both trigger responses ; 2 both work on specific effectors AW ; 3 nerve impulses fast + hormones slow ; 4 nerve impulses electrical + hormones chemical ; 5 nerve impulses short term effect + hormones longer term effect ; 6 nerve impulses travel along nerve cells / neurones AW OR hormones travel in blood / plasma ; 7 nerve impulses all the same / hormones are different chemicals ; 8 nerve impulses generated by receptors AW / hormones from glands;
2. [6] any six from: eye receptors / retina / rods / cones ; impulse + sensory neurones ; via relay neurones ; to motor neurones ; to effector/muscle; adrenaline + from adrenal glands; travels in blood + to named specific target organ e.g. heart/lungs ; heart beats faster ; stimulates glycogen to be converted to glucose ; more glucose / oxygen / blood + to muscles ; air passageways increase in diameter ; blood diverted AW + to muscles ; pupils dilate;