O-LevelBiologyRespiration5090/22 · May/June 2021 · Q49 Marks

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid procedure. Air is forced into a patient's lungs by another person. The heart is made to pump blood by repeated compression of the patient's chest over the heart. A person performing CPR on a patient is shown in the diagrams. [Figure 4.1]

(a)(i)State what will be seen to happen to the patient's chest when air is forced into the lungs. [1][1]
(a)(ii)Name, in the correct order, the tubes through which air will travel from the patient's mouth to the alveoli of the lungs. [2][2]
(a)(iii)The air forced into the patient's lungs has different concentrations of gases compared to the air the patient would normally breathe in. State two differences in the concentrations of gases. [2][2]
(b)Explain how each action of the CPR procedure will benefit the patient: air forced into the patient's lungs repeated compression of the patient's chest. [4][4]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] rises / expands AW ;
[2] ALL THREE from the list below = 2 marks ;; OR ANY ONE or TWO from the list below = 1 mark ;
[2] left box = larynx / trachea
[2] middle box = bronchi / bronchus
[2] right box = bronchiole(s) left box Ig windpipe
[2] air forced into the lungs has ... 1 less oxygen ;
[2] 2 more carbon dioxide ;
[2] 3 more water vapour ;
[4] 1 oxygen + lungs / alveoli / air sacs ;
[4] 2 oxygen + blood / red blood cells / RBC / erythrocytes / haemoglobin ;
[4] 3 diffusion ;
[4] 4 high to low concentration / down concentration gradient ;
[4] 5 blood from + left ventricle ;
[4] 6 blood to + organs / tissues / cells ;
[4] 7 aerobic respiration ;
[4] 8 re-start the heart ;

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