Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [6] (a) (to discourage insects from biting) 1 insect repellent; 2 long-(sleeved) clothes ; 3 nets on / close + doors / windows; 4 nets + over beds / while sleeping; 5 paint walls white; (to kill insects / mosquitoes) 6 insecticides / pesticides / reference to fogging / electric insect killer ; 7* mosquito coils ; 8 irradiated / sterile male mosquitoes; (to prevent mosquitoes laying eggs / reproducing OR to kill larvae) 9 drain ponds / remove stagnant AW water / use closed water tanks ; 10 (spray) oil / insecticide on ponds; 11 stock ponds / lakes with fish ; 12 use of Bti / Bacillus thuringiensis (israelensis) ;
2. [4] (b) 1 exposure to / used for + a long time / years / decades ; 2 mutation; 3 natural selection ; 4 resistance (to quinine); 5 ( quinine) no longer as effective / recent drugs more effective ; 6 reference to plasmodium / parasite ; 7 new drugs cheaper / more easily available / fewer side effects ;