O-LevelBiologyHuman Nutrition5090/22 · May/June 2017 · Q210 Marks

Four of the stages associated with human nutrition are: absorption digestion egestion ingestion Fig. 2.1 shows the human alimentary canal. [Figure 2.1]

(a)(i)State the stage in nutrition that has not been included in the list above.[1]
(a)(ii)On Fig. 2.1, use lines labelled A and B to indicate where egestion (A) and ingestion (B) occur.[2]
(b)State a component of the diet that is digested in region C in Fig. 2.1, and where the products are then absorbed into the blood. component where products absorbed[2]
(c)Suggest the likely effect on digestion of removing a person's gall bladder.[5]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) assimilation;
[2] (a)(ii) (egestion) line ending/letter written below rectum + labelled 'A' / 'egestion'; (ingestion) line ending / letter written to left of or inside mouth + labelled 'B' / 'ingestion';
[2] (b) (component) protein ; (where absorbed) ileum / small intestine / villi / capillaries ;
[5] (c) 1 reference to bile (salts); 2 (bile) not stored ; 3 less/slower + release (of bile); 4 less/slower + emulsification AW ; 5 less / slower / not optimum + digestion (of fats) / (lipase) enzyme action; 6 fewer fatty acids / less glycerol + produced / absorbed ; 7 incorrect pH / more acidic / less alkaline + in small intestine / duodenum ;

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