(a) Fig. 1.1 shows the front view of a person's chest and abdomen. [Figure 1.1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows a person about to lift the handle of a bucket from position A to position B. [Figure 1.2] The movement of the bucket handle, as shown, illustrates some features of the movement of a person's chest while breathing in.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [3] (a) 1 line starts and ends at body wall + crosses abdomen below ribs ; 2 circle with all or part of it touching / on the sternum ; 3 middle of cross below diaphragm ;
2. [2] (b)(i) 1 any reference to up / rises / raised; 2 out / forwards ; 3 reference to muscle ; 4 (muscle) contract(ion); 5 reference to (requires) energy ;
3. [5] (b)(ii) (movement of person's chest) 1 involuntary AW ; 2 intercostal (muscles); (muscles) between the ribs / in the chest (wall) ; 3 (move) bone / ribs / ribcage; 4 attached / hinged + to vertebrae / backbone / at back ; 5 *leads to increase in volume / decrease in pressure ; (movement of bucket handle) 7 voluntary AW ; 8 muscle in arm / finger OR reference to bicep(s); * A once only for either chest or handle 9 external to / not part of + the bucket / handle; 10 (move) metal / plastic OR reference to a single handle ; 11 attached / hinged + to bucket / at side; 12 *does not lead to change in volume / pressure ; * A once only for either chest or handle