Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9. (a) With reference to named components, describe how the structure of one animal cell (for example from fresh liver) would appear different from a plant cell (for example from an onion epidermis).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] 8(a) reference to shape difference + plant and animal cell named ; (plant cell) cell wall; nucleus pushed to outside / not towards centre ; vacuole ; chloroplast; starch grains;
2. [3] 8(b) (xylem vessels) (S) hollow / dead; (S) strengthened / lignification ; (S) extend from root to stem/ leaves ; (S) narrow / tubes ; (F) conduction / transport ; (F) capillarity; (F) of water; (F) of ions; (F) support;
3. [3] 8(b) (red blood cells) (S) haemoglobin ; (S) no nucleus ; (S) biconcave ; (S) able to change shape AW ; (S) increased / large + surface area ; (F) squeeze AW through + capillaries ; (F) absorption / transport of oxygen ;