For a named fruit or seed, describe how it is adapted for animal dispersal.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [max 4] (a) 1. name of fruit or seed ; must fit the description if one is given
2. [max 4] (a) 2. adaptation that brings animal and plant into contact ; e.g. taste, colour, hooks, etc.
3. [max 4] (a) 3. how fruit or seed as carried away ; e.g. internally, in intestine, eaten, attached to fur
4. [max 4] (a) 4. how fruit or seed is discarded by animal ; e.g. defaecation, scratched off / falls off/spat out
5. [max 4] (a) 5. ref to distance from parent plant/another location ;
6. [max 2] (b)(i) 1. seeds not viable/dormant/AW ;
7. [max 2] (b)(i) 2. temperature not suitable ;
8. [max 2] (b)(i) 3. (amount of) water ;
9. [max 2] (b)(i) 4. some of the seeds may require light ;
10. [max 2] (b)(i) 5. pH ;
11. [max 4] (b)(ii) 1. ref. to competition ; A overcrowding
12. [max 4] (b)(ii) 2. accept two from (for) light/nutrients/water ;; Ig refs to too much Ig CO2 and O2
13. [max 4] (b)(ii) 4. ref. unsuitable temperature/pH;
14. [max 4] (b)(ii) 5. diseases ;
15. [max 4] (b)(ii) 6. eaten (by herbivores/insects/pests)/damage by animals ;
16. [max 4] (b)(ii) 7. toxins in soil;