[Figure 3.1] shows a flowering head of wheat, and individual flowers before and after opening. The anthers release most of their pollen before the flower opens. The rest is released after the flower opens.

1. (a)Name the type of pollination found in the wheat plant before the flower opens.[1]
2. (b)(i)Using the information provided by [Figure 3.1], describe pollination in the wheat plant after the flower opens.[3]
3. (b)(ii)Wheat pollen is relatively heavy and is released for only a few hours after the flowers open. Suggest two disadvantages of this.[2]
4. (c)(i)Scientists are working to introduce genes into wheat plants to make them resistant to attack by insect pests (greenfly) and to encourage root nodule bacteria from pea and bean plants to live in their roots. Name the type of experimental work in which these scientists are involved.[1]
5. (c)(ii)Suggest how the growth of root nodule bacteria on the roots of wheat plants could reduce the amount of fertiliser required by a growing wheat crop.[5]

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