O-LevelBiologyHuman Nutrition5090/21 · May/June 2014 · Q312 Marks

Fig. 3.1 shows some parts of the human alimentary canal and associated organs. oesophagus duodenum stomach stomach wall where an ulcer may develop [Figure 3.1]

(a)Name and describe the process that moves food down the oesophagus to the stomach. name of process description of process.[4]
(b)A sore can develop on the wall of the stomach. This sore is called an ulcer, which can cause a person pain. The pain may be relieved by taking a drug that reduces the amount of acid produced by the cells in the stomach wall. Suggest and explain how the processes taking place in the stomach may be affected in a person taking this drug.[4]
(c)(i)Name a type of drug that may be taken to treat bacterial infection.[1]
(c)(ii)Suggest and explain what problems may occur if a person stops the treatment before all the bacteria are killed.[3]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[4] peristalsis;
muscles;
circular;
contract;
behind food;
longitudinal;
relax + ref to food;
pushing (bolus/AW);
wave action / rhythmic ;
[4] less digestion ;
of protein;
ref. protease/pepsin;
(enzyme) no/reduced activity ;
(stomach) change in pH (if direction stated must be correct)/acidity/less acid ;
ref. fewer microorganisms/bacteria/pathogens killed ;
[1] antibiotic ;
[3] ref. resistant (bacteria);
can multiply/reproduce/increase in number (again);
pain/symptoms can recur/ulcer continues to grow AW ;
ref. unable to kill/remove resistant bacteria using same antibiotic/bacteria tolerant/AW;

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