Mangrove trees grow in forests that form an important coastal ecosystem. Mangrove forests have a high biodiversity, with many different animal species found in them.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] living (component) AW + non-living (component) AW + interacting AW ;; accept biotic/organisms /community/consumers and producers ignore humans ignore single species/a single population accept abiotic factors / environment / climate ignore habitat /only one abiotic factor accept working / living together etc.
2. [1] number + different species + in an area AW ; ignore population accept ecosystem /habitat for area
3. [2] (group of organisms) that can reproduce AW; to produce fertile offspring;
4. [5] 1 education / raise awareness AW; 2 quotas /laws/ regulations / protected areas / monitoring; 3 to reduce / stop + deforestation / cutting down trees; 4 trees cut from selected areas only ORA; 5 replanting / reforestation / trees replaced; 6 coppicing / pollarding; 7 produced as rapidly as removed / ensures it does not run out;