The number of individuals in a population can vary with time. Table 8.1 shows how the global populations of humans and tigers are estimated to have changed between 1970 and 2000. [Table 8.1]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [6] 8(a) any six from: 1 tiger population declining and human population increasing; 2 correct reference to birth / reproduction rate and death rate for either humans or tigers ; 3 reference to less disease / medical advances for humans; 4 reference to tigers killed / hunted / poached by humans ; 5 reference to less habitat available for tigers ; reasons for link 6 reason for less tiger habitat e.g. destruction of habitat due to human demand for food / building roads / houses / agriculture 7 reason for humans killing tigers e.g. medicines, trophies, predation of farm animals, fur, protection ;
2. [4] 8(b) 1 conservation / prevent extinction AW ; 2 biodiversity / number of different species that live in an area plus maximum of three from: 3 protecting areas / habitats / reducing habitat destruction / production of reserves / game parks ; 4 legal restrictions / laws on hunting / poaching ; 5 education / increasing awareness AW ; 6 reference to breeding programmes ;