Section C Answer either Question 8 or Question 9. Write your answers in the spaces provided. (a) Water enters living organisms and is transported to all their cells. Compare the transport of water in a human and a flowering plant. (b) Water in humans and flowering plants contains dissolved mineral ions. Suggest reasons why the mineral ion requirements of humans and plants are different.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] any six from: similarities both carried in tubes ;
2. [1] one way movement ;
3. [1] both travel between cells by osmosis ;
4. [1] differences plants from soil / root ;
5. [1] in xylem ;
6. [1] detail of xylem vessel, e.g. no end-walls, lignin ;
7. [1] Transpiration ;
8. [1] detail of mechanism, e.g. cohesion / adhesion / continuo us water column ;
9. [1] lost through evaporation ;
10. [1] human by ingestion / alimentary canal part ;
11. [1] in blood vessels ;
12. [1] detail of blood vessel, e.g. muscular walls elastic walls of artery ;
13. [1] heart pumps ;
14. [1] detail of mechanism, e.g. heart muscles contract, elastic tissue allows pulsing of blood ;
15. [1] lost through sweating / urination AW ;
16. [1] any four from: magnesium + for chlorophyll ;
17. [1] iron + haemoglobin / blood ;
18. [1] calcium + bones ;
19. [1] calcium + cell walls ;
20. [1] deficiency in plants, e.g. yellow leaves ;
21. [1] deficiency in animals, e.g. rickets, anaemia ;
22. [1] idea that have different cell types / structures / physiology in organism ;
23. [1] produce + different chemicals / chemicals in different proportions ;