O-LevelBiologyTransport in Humans5090/21 · Oct/Nov 2019 · Q510 Marks
The diagrams show a model used to demonstrate the process of human breathing. Diagram G shows the model after breathing in, and diagram H after breathing out. [Figure 5.1]
- (a)(i)Name the structure in the human body represented by J in the model.[1]
- (a)(ii)Name the structure in the human body represented by the elastic band. State the action of this structure during the process of breathing out. structure action[3]
- (b)Name a muscle that is used in human breathing, but is not represented in the model. State the action of this muscle during the process of breathing out. muscle action[3]
- (c)Describe and explain the effect of increasing the volume of the thorax on the movement of air during human breathing.[3]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] rib / chest wall / thorax wall / rib cage / bone;
- [1] external;
- [1] intercostal muscle ;
- [1] relaxes / lengthens ;
- [1] ribs or rib cage / chest wall / thorax wall moves down / inwards ;
- [1] diaphragm ;
- [1] relaxes;
- [1] domes AW upwards / not flattened ;
- [1] OR internal;
- [1] intercostal ;
- [1] contracts / shortens;
- [1] ribs or rib cage / chest wall / thorax wall moves down / inwards ;
- [1] pressure reduces ;
- [1] lower than atmospheric pressure ;
- [1] air in;
- [1] to lungs ;
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