O-LevelBiologyCoordination & Response5090/22 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q510 Marks

Describe the role of each of the following hormones in the menstrual cycle: FSH, progesterone.

(a)Describe the role of each of the following hormones in the menstrual cycle: FSH, progesterone.[4]
(b)The chart shows the timing and duration of events that take place during part of a menstrual cycle. | day in cycle | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | event in cycle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | phase of cycle | | | | | | | | | | | ←fertile phase→ | | | | | | | | key: menstruation | | | | | | | | ovulation | | | | | | | [Chart showing menstrual cycle events and fertile phase]
(b)(i)Suggest why pregnancy may occur if sexual intercourse takes place several days before ovulation.[2]
(b)(ii)Name the method of birth control that makes use of the information in a chart like this. Explain how this method of birth control is used to prevent pregnancy. name of method explanation[3]
(b)(iii)Suggest why the method of birth control that you have named in (b)(ii) is considered to be unreliable.[1]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[4] (FSH) follicle / egg / ovum + develops / matures / grows ; ovary ; oestrogen + production / release ; (progesterone) maintains AW uterus + lining / wall ; implantation / pregnancy ; stops LH / FSH + production / release ;
[2] fertile ; sperm in + female / vagina / uterus / oviduct / fallopian tube ; sperm survive + several days / until ovulation AW / until day 14 ;
[3] (name of method) natural / rhythm / calendar ; (explanation) have intercourse outside fertile phase / avoid intercourse in fertile phase ; no sperm present + at same time as egg / at ovulation / on day 14 ; no fertilisation / no fusion of gametes ;
[1] cycles / periods AW + irregular / vary in length ; fertile phase / ovulation + on different days ; data / chart / information + not be available ; sperm may survive for a long time AW ;

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