O-LevelBiologyTransport in Humans5090/21 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q410 Marks

The diagram shows the human thorax. [Figure 4.1]

(a)(i)Describe how each of the structures named in the diagram is involved when a person takes a single breath in.[3]
(a)(ii)The diagrams below show two magnified structures, D and E, from the thorax. mucus-producing cell structure D capillary red blood cell structure E Draw lines labelled D and E on the diagram of the thorax on page 8 to indicate the positions of structure D and structure E.[2]
(b)Describe how structure is related to function for each of the following: a capillary, a red blood cell.[5]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] diaphragm + contracts ; diaphragm + moves down ; external intercostal muscles + contract ; internal intercostal muscles + relax ; ribs move + up / out;
[2] structure D correctly identified on trachea / bronchus ; structure E identified at end of a bronchiole ;
[5] (capillary) max 3 marks from wall + one cell thick; diffusion; example of named substance + in / out / through wall ; branching/network/ contacts many cells/large surface area; (red blood cell) max 3 marks from biconcave AW ; no nucleus ; haemoglobin; large surface area ; oxygen in/out / carriage ; able to squeeze through capillaries / flexible ;

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