O-LevelBiologyCoordination & Response5090/21 · Oct/Nov 2018 · Q312 Marks

The diagram shows the arrangement of bones and muscles in the arm. [Figure 3.1]

(a)(i)Name each of the following: A B C[3]
(a)(ii)Identify the hinge joint on the diagram, by using a label line and the letter H.[1]
(a)(iii)Describe how the type of movement of a ball and socket joint differs from that of a hinge joint.[1]
(b)(i)State the equation, in words or symbols, for aerobic respiration.[2]
(b)(ii)Explain why a person may feel pain in muscle A if the arm is raised and lowered a number of times quickly.[2]
(b)(iii)Suggest and explain what would happen to the time taken for the person to feel pain in muscle A if the arm was raised and lowered while holding a heavy object in the hand.[3]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] (A) biceps; (B) scapula / shoulder blade ; (C) humerus ;
[1] hinge joint correctly identified;
[1] rotation / more than one plane AW ;
[2] glucose / C6H12O6 + oxygen / 6O2; carbon dioxide / 6CO2 + water / 6H2O;
[2] anaerobic (respiration) / lack of oxygen ; lactic acid;
[3] (time taken) would decrease / pain quicker; more muscle activity / muscle works hard(er); more energy; more anaerobic (respiration); more lactic acid;

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