Describe the causes and symptoms of each of the following: rickets,

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (causes)
2. [4] 1 children;
3. [4] 2 lack / deficiency AW + calcium ;
4. [4] 3 lack / deficiency AW + vitamin D ;
5. [4] 4 lack of any reasonable named food containing calcium / vitamin D ;
6. [4] 5 lack of sunlight;
7. [4] (symptoms)
8. [4] 6 bones + soft / weak / bent / brittle / likely to fracture / do not develop properly;
9. [4] 7 teeth + soft / decay / do not develop properly AW ;
10. [4] 8 bowed legs;
11. [4] (causes)
12. [4] 1 lack / deficiency AW + vitamin C ;
13. [4] 2 lack of any reasonable named food containing vitamin C ;
14. [4] (symptoms)
15. [4] 3 gums bleed;
16. [4] 4 teeth loose / fall out;
17. [4] 5 wound healing slow / poor;
18. [4] 6 joint pain;
19. [4] 7 shortness of breath;
20. [4] 8 rough AW skin / weak connective tissue / damaged AW epithelium ;
21. [2] 1 small/soluble / dissolved ;
22. [2] 2 not digested / not broken down / already in simplest form ;
23. [2] 3 diffusion;
24. [2] 4 through + villi / capillary / cell membrane / partially AW permeable membrane;