O-LevelBiologyRespiration5090/22 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q310 Marks

Table 3.1 shows the percentage of smokers in a particular country and the number of deaths from lung cancer in that country during the years 1920 to 2010. [Table 3.1: year, percentage of the population that were smokers, deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 people. Data: 1920, 30, 100; 1930, 35, 150; 1940, 45, 200; 1950, 60, 250; 1960, 40, 550; 1970, 30, 700; 1980, 25, 800; 1990, 20, 700; 2000, 20, 525; 2010, 18, 500]

(a)(i)Name the drug in tobacco smoke responsible for addiction.[1]
(a)(ii)Name a substance in tobacco smoke known to cause cancer.[1]
(a)(iii)Name a substance in tobacco smoke that affects the carriage of respiratory gases.[1]
(a)(iv)Explain why a pregnant woman is advised not to smoke.[3]
(b)Describe and explain the relationship between the number of smokers and the number of deaths from lung cancer shown in Table 3.1.[4]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] nicotine ;
[1] tar/named carcinogen ;
[1] carbon monoxide/CO;
[3] carbon monoxide combining with haemoglobin/nicotine narrows blood vessels ;
decreasing O2 carriage/less O2 absorption ;
substances pass from mother's blood to fetus' blood/reference to substances across placenta ;
impaired development/born underweight/stunted growth/damage to brain/stillbirth/premature birth ;
[4] both rise + until 1950;
people unaware of the link/education AW ;
1950/60 – 1980 + fall in smoking + continued rise in deaths;
cancer can take a long time to develop AW ;
due to passive smoking/cancer caused by other factors;
since 1980+ both falling;
better diagnosis/treatment/drugs ;
low tar cigarettes/better filters/e-cigarettes ;

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