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O-LevelBiologyHuman Nutrition5090/21 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q411 Marks

Table 4.1a shows some of the recommended dietary allowances for a child under the age of six months. Table 4.1b shows part of the composition of bottle milk that may be fed to a child under the age of six months. Table 4.1a component recommended dietary allowance energy 2770 kJ protein 13 g vitamin C 30 mg iron 6 mg Table 4.1b component amount per 100 cm³ of bottle milk energy 277 kJ fat 3.6 g carbohydrate 7.3 g protein 1.3 g vitamin C 3.0 mg iron 0.6 mg

  1. (a)(i)Calculate the volume of bottle milk that a child under the age of six months should be fed each day to obtain the recommended dietary allowance of each component listed in Table 4.1a. You may use the space below to work out your answer.[2]
  2. (a)(ii)State and explain the health risks to a child who is fed less bottle milk each day than the volume you have calculated.[4]
  3. (b)(i)Many mothers choose to feed their child breast milk rather than bottle milk. Describe some advantages of breast milk compared with bottle milk.[4]
  4. (b)(ii)Suggest one reason why a mother may choose to feed her child bottle milk.[1]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

  1. [1] 1000/1;
  2. [1] cm³/dm³;
  3. [1] malnutrition/deficiency disease ;
  4. [1] lack of balanced diet;
  5. [1] reference to low/lack of energy (intake into body);
  6. [1] (leads to) general lethargy;
  7. [1] reference to lack of fat or carbohydrate (for energy);
  8. [1] reference to specified problem ;
  9. [1] kwashiorkor/named symptom + lack of protein ;
  10. [1] scurvy/named symptom + lack of vitamin C ;
  11. [1] anaemia or described + lack of iron;
  12. [1] sterile/not contaminated/no additives;
  13. [1] antibodies/hormones;
  14. [1] no need to warm/at correct temperature ;
  15. [1] bonding between mother and child ;
  16. [1] better proportions of nutrients AW ;
  17. [1] does not cost money;
  18. [1] supply / availability on demand;
  19. [1] lack of awareness of the benefits;
  20. [1] mother unable/chooses not to breast-feed;
  21. [1] reference to advertising by bottle milk providers;
  22. [1] not available to do so (e.g. at work/child in care);
  23. [1] infection/drug addiction/damaged nipples ;
  24. [1] mother does not produce (enough) milk ;

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About this question

Topic
Human Nutrition, O-Level Biology (syllabus 5090). Structured question, 11 marks.
Source
O-Level Biology, Oct/Nov 2016 Paper 2 Variant 1, question 4.

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