O-LevelBiologyTransport in Humans5090/21 · Oct/Nov 2015 · Q214 Marks
Fig. 2.1 shows a vertical section through a human heart viewed from the front. Two chambers, X and Y, are labelled. X Y [Figure 2.1]
- (a)Use Fig. 2.1, and your knowledge of the circulatory system, to complete Table 2.1. Table 2.1 chamber name of chamber name of blood vessel carrying blood from chamber X Y[4]
- (b)(i)Draw a line on Fig. 2.2(b) to show how the diameters of the vessels that blood flows through vary.[2]
- (b)(ii)Use the line you have drawn on Fig. 2.2(b), and your biological knowledge, to explain why the mean blood pressure is higher in an artery than in a vein.[4]
- (c)(i)name of part D function[2]
- (c)(ii)Suggest how the parts labelled E in Fig. 2.3 help blood to return to the heart.[2]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [4] (a) X right ventricle ;
- [4] (a) pulmonary artery;
- [4] (a) Y left ventricle;
- [4] (a) aorta;
- [2] (b) (i) line decreases (lowest at capillaries) followed by increase ;
- [2] (b) (i) vein diameter drawn to be higher than artery;
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) ref. heart/ventricle + pump/source of pressure ;
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) pressure relates to distance from heart/pump;
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) resistance/friction;
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) narrow lumen (in artery);
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) thick/muscular/elastic walls (in artery);
- [max. 4] (b) (ii) generation of tissue fluid in capillaries ;
- [2] (c) (i) valve;
- [2] (c) (i) prevents backflow of blood/allows flow in one direction only;
- [max. 2] (c) (ii) muscle(s);
- [max. 2] (c) (ii) contract;
- [max. 2] (c) (ii) put pressure + wall of vein/blood in vein ;
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