WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Othello Remember to support your ideas with details from the writing.

1. (a)Read this passage, and then answer the question that follows it: Cassio: My reputation, Iago, my reputation! Iago: As I am an honest man, I had thought you had receiv'd some bodily wound; there is more sense in that than in reputation. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition; oft got without merit, and lost without deserving. You have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser. What, man! there are more ways to recover the General again; you are but now cast in his mood, a punishment more in policy than in malice; even so as one would beat his offenceless dog to affright an imperious lion. Sue to him again, and he's yours. Cassio: I will rather sue to be despis'd than to deceive so good a commander with so slight, so drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Drunk! And speak parrot! And squabble, swagger, swear! And discourse fustian with one's own shadow! O thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee devil! Iago: What was he that you follow'd with your sword? What had he done to you? Cassio: I know not. Iago: Is't possible? Cassio: I remember a mass of things, but nothing distinctly; a quarrel, but nothing wherefore. O God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! That we should with joy, pleasance, revel and applause, transform ourselves into beasts! Iago: Why, but you are now well enough. How come you thus recovered? Cassio: It hath pleas'd the devil drunkenness to give place to the devil wrath. One unperfectness shows me another, to make me frankly despise myself. Iago: Come, you are too severe a moraller. As the time, the place, and the condition of this country stands, I could heartily wish this had not so befall'n; but since it is as it is, mend it for your own good. Cassio: I will ask him for my place again: he shall tell me I am a drunkard. Had I as many mouths as Hydra, such an answer would stop them all. To now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and presently a beast! O strange! Every inordinate cup is unblest, and the ingredience is a devil. Iago: Come, come, good wine is a good familiar creature if it be well us'd; exclaim no more against it. And, good Lieutenant, I think you think I love you. Cassio: I have well approv'd it, sir. I drunk! Iago: You or any man living may be drunk at a time, man. I'll tell you what you shall do. Our General's wife is now the General – I may say so in this respect, for that he hath devoted and given up himself to the contemplation, mark, and denotement, of her parts and graces – confess yourself freely to her; importune her help to put you in your place again: she is of so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. This broken joint between you and her husband entreat her to splinter; and, my fortunes against any lay worth naming, this crack of your love shall grow stronger than it was before. Cassio: You advise me well. Iago: I protest, in the sincerity of love and honest kindness. Cassio: I think it freely; and betimes in the morning I will beseech the virtuous Desdemona to undertake for me. [from Act 2, Scene 3] How does Shakespeare make this such a dramatic and significant moment in the play?[25]
2. (b)How far does Shakespeare encourage you to sympathise with Brabantio?[25]