How far do you think Wharton makes it possible to sympathise with Zeena? Support your ideas with details from Wharton's writing.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Candidates should explore the extent to which Wharton makes it possible to sympathise with Zeena, using details from the novel.
2. Focus on her physical ailments and chronic illness, which contribute to her sour temperament and isolation.
3. Her loneliness and neglect by Ethan, who married her out of duty/pity rather than love.
4. The grim reality of her life in Starkfield, the hard work, and lack of joy.
5. However, sympathy might be limited by her manipulative, cold, and hypochondriacal nature.
6. Her cruelty towards Mattie and her emotional barrenness.
7. Wharton’s nuanced portrayal, inviting readers to consider the harsh circumstances that shaped her character.