Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (i) أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ هَكَذَا ، وَقَالَ بِأَصْبَعَيْهِ السَّبَّابَةِ وَالْوُسْطَى. 'I and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise like this.' And he pointed with his two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger. (ii) لَا يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُ النَّاسِ. God will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy to others. (iii) السَّاعِي عَلَى الْأَرْمَلَةِ وَالْمِسْكِينِ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ، أو الْقَائِمِ اللَّيْلَ الصَّائِمِ النَّهَارَ. One who manages the affairs of the widow and the poor man is like the one who exerts himself in the way of Allah, or the one who stands for prayer in the night or fasts in the day. (iv) الدُّنْيَا سِجْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَجَنَّهُ الْكَافِرِ. The world is the believer's prison and the unbeliever's paradise.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a)(i) The teaching given in this Hadith to all Muslims is to care for the orphans, to show compassion for them and to protect them. Great reward has been promised for showing care to the orphans. Orphans are the responsibility of the entire Muslim community and that their care is the moral duty of all Muslims is the main teaching of this Hadith.
2. [4] (a)(ii) Two of God's most quoted attributes are Rahman and Raheem. The Qur'an also repeatedly tells Muslims about God's mercy and forgiveness. The teaching of this Hadith bearing the above in mind is to develop the traits of mercy and kindness in their personalities and to show compassion to all living things. The rights of fellow beings are stressed upon by God Himself and to get His mercy believers must in turn be merciful to those around them.
3. [4] (a)(iii) This Hadith explains the importance of the rights of people. The focus of this Hadith is to highlight that Islam promotes social justice and lays great stress on the welfare of the community at large. The Hadith is teaching Muslims to fulfil the needs of the vulnerable in society to the best of their abilities. Widows and the poor are specifically mentioned as they are deemed most vulnerable. Care for others has been compared to ibadah in this Hadith, rewards for which are comparable.
4. [4] (a)(iv) In this Hadith, Prophet (pbuh) gives the teaching to all believers that in this world they must live their lives according to sharia. The world has been compared to a prison as a Muslim is not free in this world to do as he/she chooses but needs to abide by the restrictions set by God and follow His dos and don'ts. However, a disbeliever does not need to abide by the laws of God, so is free to do as he/she pleases, and this world may thus seem like a place of enjoyment and pleasure for them. On the other hand, a believer may struggle in this world, but his reward is in the hereafter just as a prisoner may not be free to do as he/she pleases in a prison but upon release can enjoy his/her freedom.
5. [4] (b)(i) The teachings of the Hadith can be put into action in several ways. Firstly, a Muslim can provide food, clothing and shelter to the orphan child. If the orphan's father died with a debt, it could be paid off by another Muslim. Marriages of orphan children can be arranged with their consent to suitable suitors and their wedding expenses can be paid for. Emotional support is another way that can help orphans.
6. [4] (b)(ii) The Prophet (pbuh) showed mercy to his enemies as well. He prayed for the people of Taif when they stoned him and forgave the Makkans at the time of the conquest of Makka. Likewise, Muslims today can forgive those who wrong them. Personal examples of showing mercy to human beings and animals could be given here to expand on the answer.
7. [4] (b)(iii) The way to act upon the teaching of this Hadith is to be conscious of the plight of others. God wants His creation to not just be engaged in fulfilling the Pillars but also wants believers to act with concern for others. Abu Bakr as caliph milked the goats of an old blind widow who lived at some distance from Madina to help her with her chores. Examples from the Prophets time, the Companions or present day can be given to support the answer.
8. [4] (b)(iv) Living life with an awareness of what is permissible in Islam and what is forbidden is one way to act upon the teaching of this Hadith. The Prophet (pbuh) was offered great wealth and marriage to the most beautiful woman of the time as a bribe to dissuade him from preaching Islam, but he remained steadfast in his mission. Examples of lifestyle choices such as food and clothing and entertainment will help give substance to the answer.