Write about the main events of the Battle of Badr.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited.
2. The battle was fought in 2AH (624). The Prophet (pbuh) and a group of around 300 men set off to intercept a caravan led by Abu Sufyan. They had 2 horses and 70 camels. Abu Sufyan sent word to the Quraysh and an army of 1300 men was gathered.
3. Abu Sufyan slipped past the ambush and sent word to the Quraysh to go back but Abu Jahl insisted they continue; some left leaving 1000 soldiers. The Prophet (pbuh) consulted his companions and they went to meet the Quraysh army at Badr. It rained heavily that night. The Muslims camped near a water well.
4. When the battle started and 'Ali, Hamza and 'Ubaidah went out to fight and won their duels ('Ubaidah became the first martyr after losing his leg).
5. The Makkans grew overconfident due to the size of their army. The Muslims saw the Quraysh as few in number which increased their faith (8.44).
6. The Prophet (pbuh) prayed continuously for the success of the believers.
7. God sent down angels to help (3:123–125). The Prophet (pbuh) threw some dust which caused a sandstorm (sura 8:17).
8. Eventually the Makkans were defeated. Abu Jahl was killed along with other prominent Quraysh leaders.Fourteen Muslims were killed and 70 from the Quraysh while 70 were taken prisoner; the prisoners were treated well, and some paid a ransom for their freedom by either paying money or teaching ten people how to read and write. Bilal is said to have killed his former master.
9. Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited.
10. These events can tell Muslims that no matter what their circumstances they find themselves in, they should have complete faith in God and that He will help them in their situation.
11. Even if things seem impossible or difficult, He is the One who can help them.
12. It also helps Muslims understand that they should keep hope in difficult situations, that at times when things seem lost the outcome can change for the better.
13. They should have confidence in their leader and keep united, as well as being able to consult with and accept the opinion of others.
14. Muslims should stay positive in difficult situations and have belief in overcoming difficulties whether it be exams or illness, etc.
15. There should be good treatment of prisoners of war.
16. There is also the lesson that education is important as it was used as a ransom to allow prisoners to gain their freedom.