Write an account of how Abu Bakr led the Islamic empire when he became the first caliph.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Abu Bakr was the first caliph of Islam after the death of the Prophet (pbuh) and can be seen as a role model for all Muslim leaders and governments today.
2. [2] He continued with the same principles as were maintained by the Prophet (pbuh) to secure peace and solidarity of the Islamic state, e.g. he fought the false prophets and sent the Muslim army to Syria as per the Prophet's plan.
3. [2] He provided the foundations of a truly democratic welfare state by consulting the Shura before taking decisions, e.g. he consulted them about the compilation of the Qur'an.
4. [2] Fought the Ridda wars, and went on to expand the Islamic empire and implemented Islamic law (Sharia) whilst allowing religious freedom to all non-Muslims.
5. [2] Justice, patience, sacrifice, and humility were the hallmarks of his leadership and can be expanded upon in the answer.
6. [1] Above is guidance which can be included and expanded upon in the answer to show how he led the Islamic empire and set an example for Muslim rulers for all times to follow.
7. [2] It could be said that the false prophets were challenging the finality of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and corrupting the faith.
8. [1] Hence it was essential to defeat them so that Muslims and future generations of them could practice Islam correctly.
9. [1] The above answer is guidance. All valid answers to be credited.