Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (a) describe their teachings about what Muslims believe (b) explain how Muslims can put these teachings into action. (i) مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْراً أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ. Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest. (ii) أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ هَكَذَا ، وَقَالَ بِأَصْبَعَيْهِ السَّبَّابَةِ وَالوُسْطَى. 'I and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise like this.' And he pointed with his two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger. (iii) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلِيهِ وسَلَّمَ: مَا تَعُدُّهْنَ الشَّهِيدَ فِيْكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. قَالَ: إِنَّ شُهَدَاءَ أُمَّتِي إِذا لَقَلِيلٌ ! مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الطَّاعُوْن فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الْبَطْنِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: 'Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?' They said: O Messenger of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: 'In that case the martyrs of my community will be very few! He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of the plague in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of cholera in the way of Allah is a martyr.' (iv) الْمُؤْمِنُونَ كَرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ ، إِن اشْتَكَى عَيْنُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ، وَإِن اشْتَكَى رَأْسُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ. The believers are like a single man; if his eye is affected he is affected, and if his head is affected he is all affected.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) (i) Three kinds of action are specifically referred to in this Hadith of the Prophet (pbuh) who by repeating the statement, ‘Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day' before the action emphasised the importance of each of the action given in the Hadith, giving the teaching to Muslims that every action one does stems from one's belief. Speech should be used in a positive way and good treatment of others is a recommended trait of a true believer and that is brought out in this Hadith.
2. [4] (a) (ii) The important teaching in this Hadith is caring for orphans. Orphans are the responsibility of the entire Muslim community and their care is the moral duty of all Muslims. For this action Muslims have been promised a great reward by God and closeness to the Prophet (pbuh) in paradise.
3. [4] (a) (iii) This Hadith broadens the concept of martyrdom and goes on to give Muslims an important teaching that God considers all those Muslims who live their lives righteously with the intention of gaining His pleasure and die in the process are considered martyrs irrespective of how and where they die. Candidates can develop their response by discussing the different ways given in the Hadith of how the status of a martyr is achieved. The core teaching is that God loves His creation and is willing to reward those who are obedient to Him.
4. [4] (a) (iv) This Hadith of the Prophet (pbuh) is teaching Muslims about community relations and how they should feel and behave towards other fellow Muslims. Just as the head is the command centre and important to humans so is brotherhood to Muslims. The Qur'an also gives this all important teaching of unity to Muslims in many Suras e.g. Al Anfal, 8:46 and Al Hujurat, 49:10. Therefore Muslims should consider sacred another Muslim's blood, property and honour and should defend it.
5. [4] (b) (i) Following the teaching given in the Hadith a Muslim must use his speech responsibly. Candidates can explain how this can be done to develop their response. It could also be said that looking out for and fulfilling the needs of one's neighbours is another way of acting upon the teaching of this Hadith as is honouring one's guests. With examples the answer needs to be developed.
6. [4] (b) (ii) By providing food, shelter and financial assistance to orphans is how the Hadith can be applied to everyday life. Candidates could put forward different practical examples of how assistance can be given to orphans by way of development of their answer.
7. [4] (b) (iii) There are many ways in which the teaching of this Hadith could be acted upon in daily life. By worshipping God, a person may strive in God's way with his person, by spending his wealth and resources he/she may strive in God's way. Examples could further develop the points made e.g. building mosques, carrying out welfare projects etc.
8. [4] (b) (iv) Being aware of the sufferings of others around them and by trying to alleviate their suffering is how Muslims can practice this Hadith. Candidates can give examples from the Prophet's time of how the Ansars helped their fellow believers who had come to Madina leaving everything they had back in Makka or can give present day examples of how it is imperative that Muslims be aware of the suffering of their fellow Muslims in countries like Syria and Myanmar or Kashmir and try to aid them.