Write about the events related to the signing of the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the main terms in it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [10] (a) A comprehensive answer will provide an account of some key events that led to the treaty, the main terms of the treaty as well as the main figures involved.
2. (a) The Prophet (pbuh) had a dream where he entered Makka and did tawaf around the Ka'ba. In 628, Muhammad (pbuh) and a group of 1400 Muslims marched peacefully towards Makka, in an attempt to perform umrah.
3. (a) The Muslims had left Madina in a state of ihram, so were prohibited from fighting. The group camped outside of Makka, and the Prophet (pbuh) tried to negotiate entry to the Ka'ba with the Quraysh, through intermediaries. The Quraysh were unwilling to let the Prophet (pbuh) enter. 'Uthman was sent to negotiate but was not allowed to return.
4. (a) Bait al-Ridwan influenced the Quraysh into negotiating a treaty. They sent Suhayl ibn 'Amr to make this peace treaty with the Muslims, whereby the Muslims would go back to Madina and not return for the pilgrimage until the next year.
5. (a) The treaty was for ten years; each party was to be secure from the other; if a person from the Quraysh was to migrate to Madina he would be sent back to Makka; however if a person from the Prophet's side went to the Quraysh they did not have to hand him back; the Muslims were to go back to Madina without performing umrah and return the next year for three days.
6. (a) 'Umar asked why the Muslims were demeaning their religion and was reassured by Abu Bakr and the Prophet (pbuh). ‘Ali was chosen to write the treaty. When the Prophet (pbuh) asked him to write ‘In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate' or that the Prophet (pbuh) was the 'Messenger of Allah,' Suhayl objected and instead the Prophet (pbuh) erased it and had 'Ali write, 'In your name, O God' and 'Muhammad (pbuh), son of 'Abd Allah', to which the Muslims protested.
7. (a) After the treaty was made, Abu Jandal came to the Prophet (pbuh) asking to be freed, but the Prophet (pbuh) kept to the terms of the treaty and told him to be patient.
8. (a) The Khuza'a tribe made a pact with the Muslims and the Banu Bakr made a pact with the Quraysh.
9. (a) Once they completed the document, the Prophet (pbuh) asked the Muslims to sacrifice their animals and shave their heads.
10. (a) When shaving their heads and sacrificing their animals, the companions did not initially do as the Prophet (pbuh) said, to which his wife advised him to lead by example, after which he did it and the companions followed.
11. (a) The Prophet (pbuh) said that Muslims had been victorious and was supported in this by new revelation: 'Verily we have granted thee a manifest victory' (48:1).
12. [4] (b) Some points candidates could give are: it brought peace, and Muslims were free to spread Islam, after which it did spread a lot.
13. (b) Benefits: Muslims were recognised as a political entity, a force to be reckoned with.
14. (b) Benefits: It allowed the Companions to see the wisdom of the Prophet's decisions.
15. (b) Benefits: It emphasised that God is the best of planners.
16. (b) Candidates can offer other opinions, and all relevant answers should be credited.