Choose any two of the following Hadiths. (i) مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنكَرا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الإيمان. Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand, and if he is not able to do so then with his tongue, and if he is not able to do so then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith. (ii) لا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبُّ لَأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ. None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself. (iii) الحَيَاءُ لَا يُأْتِي إِلَّا بِخَيرٍ. Modesty produces nothing but good. (iv) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلِيهِ وسَلَّمَ): مَا تَعُدُّهْنَ الشَّهِيدَ فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. قَالَ: إِنَّ شُهَدَاءَ أُمَّتِي إِذا لَقَلِيلٌ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الطَّاعُوْن فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الْبَطْنِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: 'Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?' They said: O Messenger of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: 'In that case the martyrs of my community will be very few! He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies in the plague in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of cholera in the way of Allah is a martyr.'

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) Mark according to the marking grid for AO1 – Knowledge given on page 4. Answers may include some of the following ideas, but all valid material must be credited. For any two Hadiths chosen by the candidate:
2. Hadith (i) Teaching: Islam encourages action against all evil and wrongdoing and does not encourage complacency. The Hadith refers to the obligation of Muslims to tackle evil in every way they can, in order to remove it, using lawful and peaceful measures to correct the issue. However, the Prophet (pbuh) clearly says in this Hadith that if taking action against removal of an evil is going to create more problems than one should simply speak out against it and if that too will cause problems then a Muslim must at least condemn the evil in their heart by acknowledging what is happening to be wrong.
3. Hadith (ii) Teaching: Muslims should treat everyone with kindness and generosity, desiring for others what they desire for themselves. This is an important teaching. The thought behind this is that desiring the best for others in all aspects of life does not reduce one's own share of God's blessings as His bounty is limitless. The desire for others to do well and prosper keeps envy at bay and promotes brotherhood and love in the community. The Prophet (pbuh) is asking Muslims to show concern for one another and support the less fortunate.
4. Hadith (iii) Teaching: This Hadith teaches that modesty is of both body and mind and helps create a morally pious and respectful society. By being modest, a believer does not promote their self-interest or position but considers themself as part of a community, seeking a peaceful and upright society. Modesty is what makes a person ashamed when he does something wrong. Several Hadiths describe modesty as a part of faith, stating: 'Modesty and faith are both companions; when one of them is absent the other follows it'.
5. Hadith (iv) Teaching: This Hadith broadens the scope of who is a martyr in Islam. The important teaching is that God loves His creation and rewards everyone who follows His commands. While generally a person killed fighting for Islam or their country is a martyr, this Hadith states '... he who dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr...' meaning death by bombs or bullets is not the only way. If death comes to a person engaged in good deeds, living by Islamic principles, and striving to please God, they are also counted as a martyr. Others who die of painful and fatal diseases whilst living life based on Islamic teachings are also classified as martyrs.