Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (i) مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْراً أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ. Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest. (ii) مَا أَكَلَ أَحَدٌ طعاماً قط خَيْراً مِّنْ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ يَدِهِ. No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand. (iii) الْمُؤْمِنُونَ كَرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ إِن اشْتَكَى عَيْنُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ، وَإِن اشْتَكَى رَأْسُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ. The believers are like a single man; if his eye is affected he is affected, and if his head is affected he is all affected. (iv) السَّاعِي عَلَى الْأَرْمَلَةِ وَالْمِسْكِينِ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبيل الله، أو القائمِ اللَّيْلَ الصَّائِمِ النَّهَارَ. One who manages the affairs of the widow and the poor man is like the one who exerts himself in the way of Allah, or the one who stands for prayer in the night or fasts in the day.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) Use the AO1 Levels of Response. Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. (i) The Hadith mentions three kinds of action and before mentioning each action the Prophet (pbuh) repeats the statement 'Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day,' thereby linking each of these actions to one's faith.
2. [4] (a) It could be said that by one's speech one can do much good or harm, and in this Hadith the instruction is to use speech in a positive way. In another Hadith the Prophet (pbuh) has linked faith directly with speech by saying, 'A Muslim is he from whose tongue and hand other people are safe,' (Bukhari).
3. [4] (a) Candidates need to clearly bring out the teaching and could refer to the other two statements made by the Prophet (pbuh) in the Hadith to develop their answer.
4. [4] (a) (ii) Muslims believe that God has determined each individual's earnings (rizq) before their birth. The struggle is about how a Muslim achieves that rizq. Great emphasis is placed on earning lawfully and on dignity of labour. Through the teaching of this Hadith the Prophet (pbuh) is encouraging Muslims to work hard and honestly to earn their livelihood.
5. [4] (a) The Hadith discourages reliance on others and unlawful earnings. An underlying message of the Hadith is that it is not how much you earn but how you earn it which is important.
6. [4] (a) (iii) This Hadith focuses on the concept of brotherhood in Islam. Muslims are joined together in brotherhood by their common faith. The example of the human body is given in the Hadith to show that just as the head is the command centre and vital to humans, brotherhood is essential to Muslims and holds them together.
7. [4] (a) Islam promotes unity amongst Muslims and wants to see them defend the blood, honour and property of their fellow Muslims and feel the pain of one another and help each other in difficult times.
8. [4] (a) (iv) Islam lays great stress on the welfare of the community as a whole. It encourages the believers to fulfil the needs of the vulnerable in society who would struggle without help.
9. [4] (a) Widows and the poor are specifically mentioned in the Hadith, but the broader teaching is to help all people who may be vulnerable. An important teaching given in the Hadith is that worship is not restricted to just physical acts of worship but cover every good deed for which each Muslim will be rewarded.
10. [4] (b) Use the AO2 Levels of Response. Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant information must be credited. (i) By using one's speech responsibly, for example, not backbiting, not using abusive language, Muslims can put into practice the teachings of this Hadith.
11. [4] (b) Candidates can develop answers by saying that honouring one's guests and fulfilling the needs of their neighbours are further examples of the practice of the teaching given in the Hadith.
12. [4] (b) (ii) Muslims today can follow the example of the Prophet (pbuh) and that of other prophets who all worked for their livelihood, many as shepherds, which highlights the dignity of labour.
13. [4] (b) Unlawful means of earning should be shunned, and Muslims today should work honestly and live within their means.
14. [4] (b) (iii) The teachings given in this Hadith can be practised by Muslims being aware of the sufferings of fellow Muslims and humanity at large. When today Muslims of one country are in distress or are being oppressed their pain should be felt by the entire Muslim community (umma) who should do whatever is in their power to alleviate the sufferings of their brothers in faith.
15. [4] (b) (iv) Providing resources for the poor and free healthcare, supporting widows and orphans so that no one is left behind and ensuring all are given a fair chance in society, are some ways in which the teaching of this Hadith can be practiced.
16. [4] (b) Candidates can further develop their answers. One way in which they can do so is by giving examples from Islamic history or present times.