Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (i) أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) فَقَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذا صَلَّيْتُ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ، وَصُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ، وَأحْلَلْتُ الحَلالَ ، وَحَرَّمْتُ الحَرَامَ ، وَلَمْ أَزِدْ عَلى ذلِكَ شَيْئاً ، أَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. A man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace): Do you think that if I perform the obligatory prayers, fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes. (ii) كُلُّ سُلَامَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ : تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ صَدَقَهُ؛ وَتُعِيْنُ الرَّجُلَ فِي دَابَّتِهِ فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقة؛ وَالكَلِمَة الطَّيِّبَة صَدَقة؛ وَبِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمْشِيهَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ صَدَقة؛ وتميط الأذى عن الطريق صدقة. Every person's every joint must perform charity every day the sun comes up: to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a charity; and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity. (iii) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَليهِ وسَلَّمَ : مَا تَعُدُّهْنَ الشَّهيدَ فِيكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. قَالَ: إِنَّ شُهَدَاءَ أُمَّتِي إِذا لَقَلِيلٌ ! مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الطَّاعُوْن فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي الْبَطْنِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: 'Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?' They said: O Messenger of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: 'In that case the martyrs of my community will be very few! He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies in the plague in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of cholera in the way of Allah is a martyr.' (iv) الْحَيَاءُ لَا يُأْتِي إِلَّا بِخَيرٍ. Modesty produces nothing but good.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a)(i) The teaching given in this Hadith is that the minimum requirement for entering paradise is the fulfilment of the Pillars of Islam and by staying away from what God has made forbidden to humankind. Zakat and Hajj are two Pillars that are not mentioned in the Hadith as they are compulsory only for those who have the means to fulfil them. The important message of the Hadith is that Islam is a simple religion to follow and believers should not over burden themselves and should engage in optional ibadah as much as they comfortably can.
2. [4] (a)(ii) The all-important teaching given in this Hadith is for Muslims to show compassion and care in society and to perform acts of charity. In this Hadith the Prophet (pbuh) has given a few examples of acts of charity (sadaqa) that Muslims can perform every day. The term charity is not just restricted to giving money to the needy but has a broader meaning which encompasses small acts of kindness that would make the community stronger and increase awareness of God and His bounties. An important teaching of this Hadith is that worship of God is not restricted to fulfilling the Pillars of, say, salat or fasting but everyday acts of kindness also come under worship when they are performed with the intention of pleasing God.
3. [4] (a)(iii) This Hadith broadens the scope of martyrdom and gives the believers the important teaching that God considers all those Muslims who live righteous lives trying to seek His pleasure and die whilst so doing are given the status of a martyr. Candidates can develop their answer by discussing the various ways in which martyrdom can be achieved. The core teaching that needs to be brought out in the answer is that God loves His creation and rewards all those who are obedient to Him.
4. [4] (a)(iv) Modesty is of both body and mind and helps create a morally pious and respectful society. By being modest, a believer will not promote their interest or position but will consider themselves as a part of a community and seek to create a peaceful and upright society. Modesty is what makes a person ashamed when they do something wrong. The Prophet (pbuh) made modesty a condition of faith and has said that one must consider others in the same way as one considers oneself. If properly understood and practiced modesty can only produce good as the Hadith says.
5. [4] (b)(i) The teachings given in the Hadith can be acted upon by being obedient to God and fulfilling the Pillars of Islam with sincerity and abstaining from all the acts and things that God has prohibited Muslims from. Candidates could develop their answer with examples by saying that Muslims must be punctual and offer salat at the prescribed time of each salat, that they must fast in Ramadan and if they have the means must give zakat and perform Hajj. Abstaining from alcohol or foods which are prohibited in Islam can also be given as examples of putting into practice the teachings of the Hadith. Not taking interest on loans and following the principles of Islamic finance and not giving or taking bribes are other ways in which the teachings of the Hadith can be implemented.
6. [4] (b)(ii) This Hadith can be acted upon by fulfilling one's role in society responsibly. Some examples of how the teachings of the Hadith can be implemented upon are given in the Hadith itself. Candidates need to give other examples than the ones given in the Hadith to show how Muslims can put into practice the teaching given by the Prophet (pbuh) in this Hadith. For example, resolving a dispute between friends; giving honest advice when one's opinion is asked for or helping to save the environment.
7. [4] (b)(iii) The teachings given in this Hadith can be put into practice in many ways. By worshipping God a person may strive in God's way with his person, by giving charity and zakat a Muslim can financially strive in God's way. Other examples can be given to develop the answer. Candidates could write that helping in fund-raising to build mosques or hospitals and to contribute towards other welfare projects are ways that Muslims can live their lives in a way pleasing to God which will earn them the high status of a martyr.
8. [4] (b)(iv) In the absence of modesty Islam cannot be practiced correctly. A Muslim's speech, dress, manner and attitude towards life should be humble and simple. Modesty is a shield against immorality, lowering one's gaze in the presence of the opposite sex is one way of putting into practice the teaching of this Hadith. Remaining humble and acknowledging God as the Master and Creator and giver of everything one possesses is another way of implementing the teaching of the Hadith. The focus of a believer's every action must be to earn God's pleasure and remember Him at all times.