Describe how Muslims observe the fast of Ramadan and how this month should be spent.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [10] (a) Some of the guidelines of how Muslims should observe the fast of Ramadan and how they should spend this holy month are as follows:
2. Intention (niyah) to observe the fast must be made after suhur has been taken before the break of dawn and the fast must end at sunset promptly. Candidates can quote the supplication made for the intention of the fast and can say that it is Sunna to break the fast with dates or water; supplication recited at the time of opening the fast can also be given;
3. Whilst fasting Muslims are conscious of keeping their minds and body clean, staying away from gossiping, back biting and fighting etc.;
4. Spending more time in the recitation of the Qur'an and remembrance of God, prayer and supplication;
5. Being charitable and generous, zakat is given by many Muslims in the month of Ramadan;
6. Maintaining cordial relations with all, reconciling differences etc.;
7. Reflecting on their spiritual and moral conduct.
8. [4] (b) Candidates need to write their own reasons for why they think God has made fasting obligatory on Muslims in Ramadan and all valid responses should be credited. The responses need to be evaluative. Candidates could say that fasting in Ramadan teaches Muslim's sincerity and discipline, creates unity and brotherhood and brings a Muslim closer to God.