Nobody got everything they wanted from the peace treaties of 1919.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] It dealt with Austria.
2. [1] The Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken up.
3. [1] The Republic of Austria was set up.
4. [1] Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland were made independent.
5. [1] Territory from the Austro-Hungarian Empire was transferred to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Italy and Romania.
6. [1] Bohemia and Moravia were given to Czechoslovakia.
7. [1] Galicia was given to Poland.
8. [1] The Southern Tyrol was given to Italy.
9. [1] Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia were given to Yugoslavia.
10. [1] Union with Germany was forbidden.
11. [1] Austria's overseas possession of Tianjin was handed to China.
12. [1] He did not want to do this because it would upset the Germans.
13. [1] He wanted Britain to trade with Germany.
14. [1] He wanted Germany to economically recover.
15. [1] High reparations would take money out of Germany.
16. [1] He did not want Germany seeking revenge in a few years' time.
17. [1] He wanted a strong Germany to stand up to Communism and Russia.
18. [1] He wanted to avoid France becoming too powerful.
19. [Explanation L3] Lloyd George's main concern was Britain's trade and wealth. For these to prosper, Britain needed to return to the trade it had before the war and for this to happen it was important for Germany to economically recover. This is the reason Lloyd George did not want Germany facing huge reparations, which could stop its recovery.
20. [1] The Treaty was a compromise because they had different opinions.
21. [1] Wilson was not happy that some German-speaking areas were under the rule of other countries.
22. [1] Wilson thought the Treaty was too harsh on Germany.
23. [1] Wilson was unhappy that the principle of free navigation of the sea was abandoned.
24. [1] Wilson was unhappy that self-determination did not apply to some areas, such as the Sudetenland.
25. [1] Wilson was displeased that Britain, France and Japan gained Germany's colonies.
26. [1] Wilson was pleased that the League of Nations would be included in each of the treaties.
27. [1] Wilson was pleased that the defeated nations should disarm.
28. [1] Wilson was pleased that the Rhineland would remain part of Germany.
29. [1] Clemenceau was pleased that Germany was made weaker by losing a lot of land and resources.
30. [1] Clemenceau was pleased that France regained Alsace-Lorraine.
31. [1] Clemenceau was not pleased that Germany was keeping the Rhineland.
32. [1] Clemenceau was not pleased that there was no treaty of guarantee for France.
33. [1] Clemenceau failed to get the Saar Basin for France.
34. [Explanation L3 (Wilson compromised more)] Wilson had to compromise a lot. He had got the League of Nations, but he was disappointed not to get the free navigation of the seas. He also had a big disappointment over self-determination. The German Empire was broken up and, instead of giving the colonies independence, Britain and France were going to run them on behalf of the League. It was also the case that the Sudeten Germans were not consulted about their future.
35. [Explanation L3 (Clemenceau compromised more)] I think Clemenceau had to compromise the most. He was still worried about Germany being a future threat. He had wanted a treaty of guarantee where Britain and USA promised to come to France's help if it was attacked by Germany. He did not get this. He was also disappointed that both the Saar Basin and the Rhineland were going to stay as parts of Germany. So overall, Clemenceau thought that France was vulnerable to a future German attack.